To VAWT, or not to VAWT: Feasibility of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Sublayers

Evaluated the feasibility of integrating vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) as sublayers within horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) farms to enhance overall efficiency and energy density. Using theoretical analysis and numerical modeling, the research compared traditional HAWT-only farms with hybrid HAWT-VAWT systems, focusing on wake effects, energy capture, and economic implications.